Speed Skalper Pro

Trend Exploit   The logic behind  Trend Exploit EA  is very simple but effective , the EA uses breakouts of the Bollinger Bands for entry and exit signals, enter in the market in the direction of a strong trend, after a reasonable correction is detected. The exit logic is also based on the Bollinger Bands indicator and it will close the trade even on a loss when the price breaks Bollinger Bands line.  Trend Exploit was strictly developed, tested and optimized using the "Reversed Sampling" deve

The system does Not use  Grid, does Not use Martingale, No hard coded dates, No strategy tester manipulation!  FT Gold Scalp      is a trading robot that uses its own unique scalping trading system. Trades are opened and closed using several filters and indicators with high accuracy .    It uses fixed   StopLoss   for every position.   Trailing Stop   is also a part of every entry. There is        no need  to search for the  best settings  for the EA -         we        have already  done this  

Project Maximum Heat   is a unique fully automated system designed to operate on 28 currency pairs and 5 timeframes: M5, M15, M30, H1, H4. The strategy is based on numerous strategies such as working on a sideways trend, downtrend, uptrend, breakout of triangular trends and others. To calculate the required combinations, such indicators are used as: Moving Average, MACD, Standard Deviation, Commodity Channel Index, RSI, Momentum, Bollinger Bands. The EA uses a hidden one: stop loss, take profit,

Diamond PRO is enhanced powerful version of Diamond for advanced traders. Pro version includes optimized cores, new impoved entry points filters, new multistage profit closure algorithm and сontains number of external control parameter that allows build and fine tune own tradind decisions and algorithms. The system provides more accurate market entries, analyzes and filters upcoming economic news, contains spread protection and an advanced position management algorithm. Main goal of Diamond PRO

The EA is not a scalper. The EA uses a strategy based on the breakdown of local support and resistance levels, also uses the reverse and rebound from support and resistance levels.  The EA is based on the original author's strategy. Real monitoring:   https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/author/profi_mql Detailed description of the strategy here:  https://www.mql5.com/ru/blogs/post/728430 This is a link for general discussion of the EA:  https://www.mql5.com/ru/blogs/post/728430 Hidden Take profit,

This fully automated trading system is part of the Bergland signal. It features a highly efficient trading logic, and a money management system. Reasonable calculated stop loss and take profit levels. It is easy to install and do not require a special setfile. XAUUSD, M15 Live Signal: Bergland Gold You can rent the Bergland signal here. If you like my product, please write a review.

Trader Auto   is a multi-currency advisor that can effectively operate on different time frames and in a variety of market scenarios thanks to its advanced non-geometric progression averaging system. This feature allows him to build trading grids and determine the moments of entry into the market with high accuracy. Main characteristics of Trader Auto: Security systems: The advisor is equipped with special filters, spread control and trading time limits to ensure safety and reliability. Accou

The Most advanced and comprehensive EA to trade Trend Reversals/Pullbacks It is a very profitable EA, to trade trends breakout, and manage trades, takeprofit, stoploss, move to breakeven, and trailing stop. The   “Reversal Monster EA”   trades Reversal/Pullbacks when the current price of the pair pullback to a predefined horizontal level or trendline on the currency chart. The opening of the position can be immediate after pullback to the drawn trendline or after closing the candle below/abov

This Expert Advisor is designed for news trading. This version is the professional version for MT4. The price of this version is going to be 50 USD for a limited number of copies. The Final price is 99 USD. Please find below the MT5 version of this expert: News Advisor MT5 Pro. The main advantage of this expert is that it’s offering backtesting capabilities (something that is not found in most news expert advisors). This ability gives you the opportunity to optimize and test the efficacity, the

Stufic is a result of the long way of development. It was created for use in the management of capital of trading groups. The main idea is to preserve capital through unexpected fluctuations of the markets. It is one of the system that can perform on 90% of currency pairs. It's a participant on World Cup Trading Championship 2016 with real 10K USD. Stufic was also between top five traders in real money contest organized by Fidelis Capital (November 2015, Gain +48%). Why should you have to choo

Diversify the risk in your trading account by combining our Expert Advisors. Build your own custom trading system here:   Simple Forex Trading Strategies The expert advisor opens trades when the SMAs cross and when the WPR has left overbought/oversold areas. The SMAs are also programmed to close the trades if the trend changes. The Stop Loss, Take Profit, and Trailing Stop are calculated based on the ATR indicator. The recommended currency pair is NZDUSD and the recommended timeframe to opera

Introducing HFT KING EA - The Ultimate HFT KING of Trading! This fully automated high frequency trading system is designed to revolutionize your trading experience with its advanced algorithm and state-of-the-art features. HFT King utilizes a unique combination of technical analysis, artificial intelligence, high frequency trading and machine learning to provide traders with reliable and profitable trading signals. HFT King cutting-edge technology is highly effective in identifying trading op

Dear Friend..  I share with you this simple Expert Adviser .. it is full automatic  this Expert Adviser following the trend of the pair you install on or any stocks or indices , it is works like that: - when the trend on H4 chart show a start of up trend the expert will wait till the 15M & 1H charts show an up trend the EA will open a buy order directly , and do the same for down trend and open a sell order the buy or sell  order lot size and take profit and stop loss will measured manually  by

MAIN FEATURES - Index Master is a 100% automated system. - Not martingale! Not Grid! Not Hedge! No dangerous strategies are used! - Every orders has a StopLoss and a TakeProfit. - This Expert will win and will lose but in the long run will produce a good profit with quite low temporary drawdown. - Recommended broker : low spread; low comission; not market maker:  https://bit.ly/38hfs2D   - No need set files . Just attach to the following charts and let it work. - Designed for US30 - USTEC an

Taranus is a multifunctional EA, a universal assistant to a trader, designed to work under the control of a trader. The EA has a large set of tools and can work: by indicators, by trading levels, by trend lines, by martingale strategy, trade on news. It has: several filters to determine the trend, a multi-level risk management system, money management, virtual stop loss, universal trailing stop, can work with any type of orders. Set files and a guide to the Taranus EA can be found in the "Commen

DracoAI is a revolutionary automated forex trading robot based on neural network.  Loss coverage is our premium exclusive feature. DracoAI IS: THE BEST MONEY MAKING SERVICE & STABLE PASSIVE INCOME PROFIT, EVEN IF YOU DO NOT PARTICIPATE IN BIDDING FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE AND STABILITY DracoAI IS SAFE, BECAUSE: WE GUARANTEE THE SAFETY OF YOUR FUNDS NEGATIVE RESULTS OF TRADING ARE COVERED BY OUR RESERVE FUND 100% CONFIDENTIALITY Monitoring  - most popular signal at MQL5 :  https://www.mql5.com/en/

This expert is a combination between a grid and a scalper and it uses a grid of ten pending orders , five for long and five for short , with a 500 point spacing between them with a 100 point scalp target. It has three working modes , first , the entry by level , the expert starts operation when the price aproaches an important trade level ( a former resistance or support) , second , the entry by time , launches the expert at a specific time (input by user) and the third type is continuous operat

Forex Oscar's PRO EA   is the advanced mathematics algorithms  system  with sophisticated filtering methods to identify only the safest entry points and required amount of the rate in any market situation. This system is focused on a  long-term  stable growth. It is a professional tool developed by me. I have done very big mathematical calculations and I have found the right formula to trade in the Forex market. It takes a lot of work and time to achieve the best results.Nothing fancy here only

USE-AT-YOUR-OWN-RISK Gawang Pinoy Black Gold is one of the most innovative EA today not only as it has proper risk management with 1:1 Risk Rewards Ratio. It has also 80% Capital Protection which means the EA will automatically shutdown once you have lost 20% of your total capital. Not only that, this EA is a Trend Follower and will do selective trades which has higher probability of winning the trade. Kindly Please Trade Using Symbols XAUUSDm and GOLD# Only. Best Use for Exness (Standard Ac

User friendly Interface. On panel fat finger protection. High speed for sending   manual  orders. Auto follow up for manual orders placed by the panel. Highly customized parameters for automated or manual buy/sell orders. Customized  money management system. Advanced users can choose their buy/sell decision according to their views and leave the rest to the EA to follow up their initial decisions. Beginners can fully rely on the built-in technology  to make transaction decisions. Users can limi

BotAGI is the first next-generation AGI Forex robot. It is a basic version of BotGPT, simplified and without options, it is ideal for beginners. Its success rate is exceptional, download it and see the results for yourself ! Tested on (EURUSD) , find its   backtest in the video below .  Is an intraday, he prefers to take his time and not miss his target. It performs an average of 5 to 15 transactions per month. Why use BotAGI: The EA is an extremely simplified version of BotGPT,   a basic v

Key concepts of Dynamic grid trading system -Dynamic Grid uses a simple grid basis from dynamic grid development, the number of orders that vary according to data. -Take advantage of the volatility of the product.  -Use volatility to help in zone consolidation and manage position sizes. -Trading grids according to price directions can use the advantage to adjust costs and can reduce the increase of drawdown. -Not stoploss is a zone management. -Do not need a martingale, double lot. -Can trade

EA Breakfast in Canada is designed for a pair of USDCAD Trades pending limit orders in two trading sessions Uses virtual TP and SL The timeframe can be any, EA trades on H1 ignoring the TF on which it is installed It is possible to enable the virtual expiration time of the order, for brokers who do not allow to set the expiration time for pending orders There is a setting for brokers whose lot value is 10 times less than usual (InstaForex, XM(cent), etc.) Can accompany your positions opened m

Matrix Arrow EA MT4 is a unique expert advisor that can trade the Matrix Arrow Indicator's MT4 signals with a trade panel on the chart, manually or 100% automatically.  Matrix Arrow Indicator MT4 will determine the current trend at its early stages, gathering information and data from up to 10 standard indicators, which are: Average Directional Movement Index (ADX) Commodity Channel Index (CCI) Classic Heiken Ashi candles Moving Average Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) Rel

User friendly Interface. On panel fat finger protection. High speed for sending   manual  orders. Auto follow up for manual orders placed by the panel. Highly customized parameters for automated or manual buy/sell orders. Customized  money management system. Advanced users can choose their buy/sell decision according to their views and leave the rest to the EA to follow up their initial decisions. Beginners can fully rely on the built-in technology  to make transaction decisions. Users can limi

Limited time offer for $59. Launch promotion Price will go up soon.   NO MARTINGALE!!!    LOW DD!!!   GOLD CHAMPIONS is a new EA designed through a new AI system that operates in the Forex market and is designed GOLD/XAUUSD with excellent results. Developed by a team of experienced traders with more than 10 years of trading experience. It uses a powerful algorithm to detect fluctuations in the market and make entries with a high profit ratio and limiting losses. Key Features: Integrated Str

MILCH COW MIX PRO EA is primarily a Hedging and Multiples Strategy. It support to seize every opportunity in any direction as MILCH COW MIX but with an increased number of trades. YOU must run the expert on two chart at same currency. Not just opens the deals, but chooses the right time to close the open positions to begin trading again. We recommend the use of an expert with a pair of high volatility for the currency, such as GBPAUD, AUDCAD Testing expert during the period from 01.01.2014 until

Traders Toolbox Premium is an All-in-One Tool created based on extensive training on common trading strategies in order to automate those strategies and calculations .   (designed and programmed by Jason Kisogloo) Fe atures: 19 Individual Signals   - Each one of these signals can be biased in a neural network style configuration to constitute the final / overall result. Each signal has its own settings to be customised or optimised if needed. Comprehensive On Screen Display   - Six snap away P

NEW PROMO: Only a few copies copies available at 349$ Next price: 449$ Make sure to check out our " Ultimate EA combo package " in our   promo blog ! Gecko runs a simple, yet very effective, proven strategy.  It looks for important recent high and lows and will trade the breakouts.  The actual execution of this strategy however, is what makes this EA truly shine.  Entry calculations and exit algorithms are not only unique but also very advanced. LIVE RESULTS: https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/7

The work of the expert is based on identifying zones of price consolidation in the presence of multiple multidirectional divergences. As the price leaves the narrow price range, the adviser starts working. The SAR indicator acts as an additional filter for making decisions about the direction of the transaction. It is recommended to use the adviser with the following trading tools - 5m: EURUSD, GBPUSD, USDCAD. Standard settings are recommended for EURUSD and USDCAD . For GBPUSD , set the TRUE

AI Gen XII EA This is an Expert Advisor with the latest use of Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks. The EA runs on the top-of-the-line GPT-4o platform and also uses Advanced Discrete Fourier Imaging in ATFNet aligns the frequency spectrum of the input series, allowing for a more complete analysis of time series data. The EA also boasts trading on different strategies simultaneously and matching backtest trades and real trading, which is very important in its time.  Details about Advisor

PROP FIRM READY! ( download  SETFILE ) LAUNCH PROMO: Only a few copies left at current price! Final price: 990$ Get 1 EA for free (for 2 trade accounts) -> contact me after purchase Ultimate Combo Deal   ->   click here JOIN PUBLIC GROUP:   Click here Live Signal Welcome to the Gold Reaper! Build on the very succesfull Goldtrade Pro, this EA has been designed to run on multiple timeframes at the same time, and has the option to set the trade frequency from very conservative to extreme volatil

HFT Prop Firm EA is  also known as Green Man due to its distinctive logo, is an Expert Advisor (EA) crafted specifically for overcoming challenges or evaluations from proprietary trading firms (prop firms) that permit High-Frequency Trading (HFT) strategies. For limited period: Free utilities worth $198 when you buy HFT Prop Firm EA MT5 version:  https://www.mql5.com/en/market/product/117386 P Waka Funding MDP Tradicave (1-phase/HFT. Avoid:  bad practice) assing HFT Challenge Perform

Launch promo Only 2 sales left to buy at the current price. Next price: $1233 Free  get US30 Scalper EA or Quantum Algo EA -> contact me after purchase Live signal:  https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2220190?source=Site+Profile+Seller Customer live signal:  https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2242066?source=Site+Signals+My  ( This is the client's live account to ensure the transparency of the EA ) Prop Signal:  https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2223219?source=Site+Signals+Profile+From+Author MT5:  http

Way To Stars is a night scalping EA specifically designed to trade during periods of low market volatility to capitalize on low-risk opportunities. This night scalping EA focuses on capturing small price movements for frequent trading, thereby accumulating profits over time. It employs strict stop-loss measures to limit potential losses per trade, ensuring effective risk management. Way To Stars is a genuine and honest trading system that does not rely on purported neural networks, artificial in

ONLY 3 COPIES OUT OF 10 LEFT AT $199! After that, the price will be raised to $299. - REAL SIGNAL: Default Setting:  https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2251841 Gold Scalper Trading is an EA that uses a complex trading methodology that includes cross-market analysis to find scalpable entry points with XAUUSD, one of the market's wildest running pairs. EA uses stop loss for all orders, only 1 order and does not use any dangerous trading methods: No grid, no martingale,... Gold Scalper Trading is o

LAUNCH PROMO: Only a few copies left at current price! Final price: 990$ Get 1 EA for free (for 2 trade accounts) -> contact me after purchase Ultimate Combo Deal -> click here New live signal:   https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2084890 Live Signal high risk :  https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/2242498 Live Signal Set Prop Firm Set JOIN PUBLIC GROUP:   Click here Parameter overview Gold Trade Pro joins the club of Gold trading EA's, but with one big difference: this is a real trading strat

Strategy Introduction The EA will find the best entry and exit points based on the data trained by the neural network and the current market trend. It includes multiple loss exit strategies to ensure capital safety. Because the market is full of uncertainties, it is impossible to enter at the most ideal point every time. Our EA uses a unique batch entry method, adding up to 5 entry points. Even occasional misjudgments can quickly recover subsequently. Each order has a fixed stop loss (SL) and t

Several experts in one expert With this expert, you can use several up-to-date strategies Enhanced with artificial intelligence Can be used in several popular forex currencies Can be used in the most popular forex time frames Without using high-risk strategies Attributes : Can be used in the EURUSD , GBPUSD , USDCHF , AUDUSD , USDCAD , NZDUSD  currency pairs Can be used in M30 , H1 , H4 , D1 time frames Has profit limit and loss limit Without using risky strategies like martingale or hedg

Introducing   Quantum Emperor EA , the groundbreaking MQL5 expert advisor that's transforming the way you trade the prestigious GBPUSD pair! Developed by a team of experienced traders with trading experience of over 13 years. IMPORTANT! After the purchase please send me a private message to receive the installation manual and the setup instructions. ***Buy Quantum Emperor EA and you could get Quantum StarMan, Quantum Queen and Quantum Gold Emperor for free !*** Ask in private for more detai

We proudly present our cutting-edge robot, the  Big Forex Players EA  designed to maximize your trading potential, minimize emotional trading, and make smarter decisions powered by cutting-edge technology. The whole system in this EA took us many months to build, and then we spent a lot of time testing it. This unique EA includes three distinct strategies that can be used independently or in together. The robot receives the positions of the   biggest Banks   (p ositions are sent from our databa

The Bitcoin Robot  MT4 is engineered to execute Bitcoin trades with unparalleled   efficiency and precision . Developed by a team of experienced traders and developers, our   Bitcoin Robot   employs a sophisticated algorithmic approach (price action, trend as well as two personalized indicators) to analyze market and execute trades swiftly with   M5 timeframe , ensuring that you never miss out on lucrative opportunities.   No grid, no martingale, no hedging,   EA only open one position at the sa

-------------------------------------------Introducing: Z4SCALP--------------------------------------------- Z4SCALP is an advanced trading robot designed to prevent account slippage. For those who require even greater precision, Z4SCALP PRO offers enhanced performance to handle price slippage effectively. Exclusive Offer: Purchase one product, and receive the other FREE ! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Account

Introducing CyBRG RX: The Next-Generation Trading Assistant Step into the future of trading with CyBRG RX, your cutting-edge trading companion designed to elevate your trading experience. Harnessing the power of advanced neural networks, CyBRG RX is engineered to analyze and adapt to ever-changing market conditions with unparalleled precision. Signals:   Live Signal 1 Live Signal 2 Because this strategy is so unique, I only want to sell a limited number of licenses. Therefore, the price

EA Gold Stuff is an Expert Advisor designed specifically for trading gold. The operation is based on opening orders using the Gold Stuff indicator, thus the EA works according to the "Trend Follow" strategy, which means following the trend. Real-time results can be viewed  here . Contact me immediately after the purchase to get personal bonus!  You can get a free copy of our Strong Support and Trend Scanner indicator, please pm. me! Settings  and manual   here   SETTINGS Open new series - on / o

Introducing our MT5 EA: Designed with advanced algorithms and utilizing deep learning technology, our Expert Advisor (EA) is crafted to assist you in the intricate world of forex trading. The system analyzes market behaviors and conducts transactions based on specific criteria, empowering you to engage with market trends more effectively. With the backing of nearly a decade of data, the EA employs deep learning to examine past market conditions, aiming to provide enhanced decision-making. Recom

The Expert Advisor is a system designed to recover unprofitable positions. The author's algorithm locks a losing position, splits it into many separate parts, and closes each of them separately. Easy setup, delayed launch in case of drawdown, locking, disabling other Expert Advisors, averaging with trend filtering and partial closing of a losing position are built into one tool. It is the use of closing losses in parts that allows you to reduce losses with a lower deposit load, which ensures saf

AI NeuroX EA is an innovative trading advisor based on advanced artificial intelligence technologies, including neural networks and the Perplexity and GPT-4 platforms. This advisor has a unique ability to analyze and predict the dynamics of financial markets using deep learning and advanced algorithms. Thanks to the intuition that even the most experienced traders would envy, AI NeuroX EA is capable of developing unprecedented trading strategies, ensuring excellent performance. This advisor oper

Launch Promo: Limited number of copies available at current price Final price: 990$ NEW: get 1 EA for free! (for 2 trade accounts) Ultimate Combo Deal   ->   click here LIVE RESULTS:   https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/1949810 JOIN PUBLIC GROUP:   Click here Set Files Welcome to DayTrade Pro Algo!  After years of studying the markets and programming different strategies, I have found an algorithm that has everything a good trading system needs: It is broker independent It is spread independ

A professional Expert Advisor designed for trading any instrument of the Metatrader 4 platform. Work Features: A large number of input parameters, with a wide range of settings, allow you to work on all instruments with any broker trading conditions. Depending on trading conditions, it can work with direct market positions or dynamic pending orders. When switching the corresponding input parameter, the Expert Advisor always opens only one trading position at a time, or it can open many posit

Good afternoon. My name is Roman, I am the creator of Gold Rain EA. I have been preparing for its realization for a long time, went through a lot of tests and now I finished the product and went on sale with a live good signal. My motto is to use only live signals, I do not release products without history or lack of real accounts. Now you have the opportunity to try Gold Rain EA in your hands. I will help every client to customize and install EA, from beginner to pro. Tired of complicated EA mo

Introducing the FT Gold Robot MT4, your ultimate companion in navigating the intricate world of XAUUSD trading. Developed with precision and powered by cutting-edge algorithms, FT Gold is a forex robot meticulously crafted to optimize your trading performance with   XAUUSD pairs . With its advanced analytical capabilities,   FT Gold Robot   constantly monitors the gold market, identifying key trends, patterns, and price movements with lightning speed. The FT Gold Robot opens 5 positions every da

" Silicon Ex ": Your Reliable Assistant in the World of Forex Silicon Ex is a modern trading bot, specially created for traders in the Forex market. This innovative tool serves as a reliable partner for those who strive for efficient and automated trading. Key Features of "Silicon Ex": Reliability and Stability: Created using advanced technologies that ensure stable and reliable operation in the market. Intelligent Risk Management: Built-in money management system (Money Management) allows yo

The Network EA is an advanced system that uses the power of artificial intelligence and neural networks to analyze macroeconomic data released during the news and make trading decisions based on them. The Expert Advisor uses the news to exit trading positions and therefore cannot be tested in the strategy tester. Please remember to change the “WorkMode” settings to “mode_Real” for the EA to work. The Expert Advisor will connect to news web sites and therefore you have to tick the “Allow WebReque

The King Advisor   is a highly advanced   neural network   algorithm. Its strategy is based on the identification of support levels, resistance and trend lines through a   sophisticated self-learning   system and a   trading system   devised with years of experience and work. Developed by a team of experienced traders. PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE WILL BE A LIMIT OF 200 EXEMPLARS --> Total copies sold updated: 80 Last Units At Current Price ($499) New Live Signal:   https://www.mql5.com/en/signals/225

In the volatile world of Forex trading , high-impact news events can lead to significant market movements and opportunities. News EA MT4 is a perfect Forex robot specifically designed to capitalize on these moments of market turbulence. Equipped with cutting-edge algorithms and real-time news integration, News EA MT4 offers traders the edge needed to navigate during major economic announcements. Directly linked to major financial news sources, ensuring immediate response to high-impact events. H

ONLY 3 COPIES OUT OF 10 LEFT AT $199! After that, the price will be raised to $299. The strategy was Back-tested Stable from 2008 to 2022 using every tick based on real ticks in MT4 using Dukascopy Real Ticks 100% tick quality. Live trading is going well on many different brokers IMPORTANT! Contact me immediately after the purchase to get instructions and Manual Guide to set up EA. Forex EA Trading Channel:  Update the latest news from me Some Features: - Trend trading, only follow trend to

Only 2 copiers left at this price, the next price is $1533 Check out the live results here: $50K Personal signal:   [Click Here] Small Personal signal: [Click Here] Prop firm live signal:   [Click Here] MT5 version here:   [Click Here] Welcome to   Quantum Algo Trading MT4 EA . This EA is designed to be more than just a mechanical system; it will be your companion on your trading journey throughout your life. The EA utilizes a breakout system with an algorithm optimized by someone with ov

Smart Funded EA is an expert advisor designed to pass the HFT challenges of prop firms that allow its use. Do I need to back-test? You do not need to backtest, and demo servers that you backtest will not give the real results since HFT prop firms servers and symbols are specially designed friendly with HFT bots. Samart Funded HFT has a hundred percent success rate so do not waste your time back testing. You can test the EA with your   HFT challenge account with 0.01 lots if you still want to tes

Live Signal-1 :   Click here MT5 Version :   Click Here Get Quantum Algo EA for free (for 2 trade accounts) -> contact me after purchase Welcome to Nasdaq Algo Trading This EA (Expert Advisor) is created and designed by a team with over 13 years of programming and trading experience. The EA focuses on developing a system that can deliver long-term and stable profits. It employs risk-free strategies, avoiding Martingale, Grid, and Hedging methods, as well as strategies using excessively long